Pigmentation

We can speak of pigmentation when we see dark brown or yellow patches on the skin, caused by excessive activity of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin. This process is called melanogenesis.

Causes and types of pigmentation

Melanin is produced in the body as a protective response to excessive sun exposure, protecting against the effects of UVA/UVB rays. UVA/UVB rays disrupt normal cell function by altering and destroying its DNA, which can trigger carcinogenic processes; melanin (the pigment) is produced to protect our cells from damage.

Unfortunately, our melanocyte cells often begin producing pigment uncontrollably and in large quantities, leading to the appearance of dark spots.

Excessive pigment production can also be affected by changes in hormone levels (including pregnancy), deficiencies in micronutrients and vitamins, skin damage and the use of contraceptives.

In some cases, post-inflammatory pigmentation may develop. This is usually pinkish-purple in colour and appears where the skin has been damaged, for example, after blemishes have become inflamed.

The most common problem associated with uncontrolled pigment production is pigmentation, which often develops in women after pregnancy – melasma.
Melasma develops in women due to hormonal imbalance or significant changes in hormone levels. It most commonly appears on the forehead, cheeks and upper lip, has clearly defined borders and is usually symmetrical.

How to get rid of pigmentation?

Treating pigmentation is a labour-intensive process that involves not only treating the skin externally, but also addressing the body as a whole. The function of the hormonal system should be checked, as should the presence of deficiencies in micronutrients, macronutrients and minerals. It is also important to work on reducing stress and ensuring sufficient antioxidant intake through the diet.

To reduce the appearance of pigmentation, we recommend following these guidelines:

Remember that melanin is produced whenever the skin comes into contact with ultraviolet rays, so you should not sunbathe if your pigmentation is active. Covering the area with pigment also does not provide 100% protection against the formation of pigmentation.

Always use sunscreen with SPF 50.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen, as other forms of radiation can also stimulate pigment formation. SPF cream also protects the skin against blue light (HEV) and infrared radiation (IR).

If you are outdoors in direct sunlight, reapply sunscreen every one and a half hours.

Include more antioxidant-rich foods in your diet.

For your home skincare routine, use and prioritise products containing active ingredients that can brighten pigmentation: